Powder metallurgy and vacuum smelting can be used. Compared with smelting method, powder metallurgy method has high cost and poor purification effect. The billet with high purity, uniform composition and performance can be obtained by smelting. Electron beam smelting is commonly used to make pure niobium block.

Generally, the pure niobium block is made by electron beam - consumptive arc furnace double melting process, that is, the electrode is made by mixing niobium powder and alloy element powder with hydrogenated - dehydrogenated niobium powder, then it is purified by smelting in electron beam furnace, the content of alloy element is analyzed and adjusted, and then the ingot with uniform composition is made by smelting in vacuum consumptive arc furnace.

Volatile alloying elements (such as titanium, vanadium, aluminum, chromium, etc.) should be added during the consumptive arc smelting.